Virol . Nancy Beerens , Bep Klaver and Ben Berkhout Genome onto the Human Immunodeficiency Virus PrimerLys 3 Correct Placement of the tRNA A Structured RNA Motif Is

The tRNA primer activation signal in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 genome is important for initiation and processive elongation of reverse transcription.

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcription is primed by the cellular tRNA(3)(Lys) molecule, which binds, with its 3"-terminal 18 nucleotides (nt), to a complementary sequence in the viral genome, the primer-binding site (PBS). Besides PBS-anti-PBS pairing, additional interactions between viral RNA sequences and the tRNA primer are thought to regulate the process of revers...

Stabilization of the U5-leader stem in the HIV-1 RNA genome affects initiation and elongation of reverse transcription.

Reverse transcription of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus type I (HIV-1) RNA genome is primed by a cellular tRNA-lys3 molecule that binds to the primer binding site (PBS). The PBS is predicted to be part of an extended RNA structure, consisting of a small U5-PBS hairpin and a large U5-leader stem. In this study we stabilized the U5-leader stem of HIV-1 to study its role in reverse transcription...

Sequence variation of the human immunodeficiency virus primer-binding site suggests the use of an alternative tRNA(Lys) molecule in reverse transcription.

Retroviruses use a cellular tRNA molecule as primer for reverse transcription. The complementarity between the 3' end of this tRNA and a sequence near the 5' end of the viral RNA, the primer-binding site (PBS), allows the primer to anneal onto the viral RNA. During reverse transcription 18 nucleotides of the tRNA primer are copied into the viral cDNA, thereby regenerating the PBS sequence of th...

J . Virol . Bujard and Ben Berkhout Koen Verhoef , Giuseppe Marzio , Wolfgang Hillen , Hermann Switch : Tet for Tat Virus Type 1 Replication by a Genetic Strict Control of Human Immunodeficiency

Functional analysis of the complex trans-activating response element RNA structure in simian immunodeficiency virus.

Transcription of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) is activated through binding of the viral Tat protein to the trans-activating response (TAR) element at the 5' end of the nascent transcript. Whereas HIV type 1 (HIV-1) TAR folds a simple hairpin structure, the corresponding domains of HIV-2 and SIVmac exhibit a more complex structure composed of three s...